Total hours:	300
Theory:	300
Applied Anatomy, Kinesiology and Biomechanics	150
Exercise Physiology	100
Ethics and administration;	50
Physiotherapy Education and Practice

Objective:
On completion of the subject, students will have had the opportunity to develop the following generic skills:

• An appreciation of the team approach to learning in complex areas.
• The ability to critically evaluate research literature in the area of anatomy/applied anatomy, and apply this information towards understanding the mechanisms operating in conditions resulting from injury or disease.
• An appreciation of the importance of, and development of, good written and presentation skills to aid group learning.
• Sound knowledge of the anatomy of the relevant system in the body.

Section-I

Applied Anatomy

• Anatomy of musculoskeletal system (Osteology, Myology, Arthrology)
• Anatomy of Cardio Pulmonary system (Structure of heart, Structure of lung, broncho pulmonary segments)
• Anatomy of nervous system (Dermatomes and myotomes, cerebrum and cerebral hemispheres, cerebral cortex, cerebellum and its connections, brain stem mid brain, Pons, medulla)
• Structure of kidney and bladder
• Anatomy of Reproductive system

Recommended Books:

• Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Fitness – Kathleen. J, Churchill Livingstone.
• Samson Wright’s Applied Physiology – Neil and Joel, Oxford press.
• Principles of Anatomy – Harper Collins College Publications
• Anatomy and Physiology for Physiotherapists – Mottram, Moffat, Blackwell Scientific
• Atlas of Anatomy – Tank Patrick, Lippincot Williams
• Surface and Radiological Anatomy – Halim A, CBS

Kinesiology
Objectives- At the end of the course, the candidate will –

• Acquire the updated knowledge of the Patho-mechanics of the Human Movement
• Be able to apply the principles of Biomechanics in functional analysis of movement, Ergonomic Analysis / advice and Prostheses / Orthotics
• Be able to prescribe, check out & train in the application of lower limb prostheses, and Spinal / lower extremity Orthosis used as mobility aids
• Be able to prescribe the Ergonomic alterations at the Work Place and Industry.
• Be able to fabricate, temporary hand splints & functional splints for Gait training.
• Acquire skill in disability evaluation & will be able to CERTIFY the same.
• Be able to impart knowledge & train the students in this subject at the undergraduate level.

Kinematics:

• Types of motion (accessory and joint play of axial and peripheral skeletal)
• Location of motion (instantaneous axis of movement, shifting axis of movement)
• Magnitude of motion (factors determining it)
• Direction of motion
• Angular motion and its various parameters
• Linear motion and its various parameters
• Projectile motions

Kinetics:

• Definition of forces
• Force vectors (composition, resolution, magnitude)
• Naming of Force (gravity and anti-gravity force, JRF)
• Force of gravity and COG
• Stability
• Reaction forces
• Equilibrium & Balance
• Linear forces system
• Friction and its various parameters
• Parallel force systems
• Concurrent force systems
• Work power and energy
• Moment arms of force & its application
• Force components
• Equilibrium of force

Mechanical energy, work and power

• Definitions
• Positive and Negative work of muscles
• Muscle mechanical power
• Causes of inefficient movement
• Co-contractions
• Isometric contraction against gravity jerky movement
• Energy generation at one joint and absorption at another
• Energy flow and Energy system used by the body
• Energy storage

Biomechanics

• Biomechanics of: Bone and soft tissues, including muscles, ligaments, tendon and nerves.
• Biomechanics of Joints: Classification, structure and function including kinematics and kinetics of joints.
• Spine: Structure and function including kinematics and kinetics of Various Vertebral joints.
• Changes in physical and mechanical properties because of aging, exercise, Immobilization and position
• Mechanoreceptors: its types, distribution with respect to joint, structure and function and Clinical applications
• • Gait:
    • Normal Gait and its determinants
    • Gait parameter including temporal and spatial
    • Kinematic and Kinetic of normal human gait
    • Pathological gait
    • Running
    • Stair climbing
  • Gait Analysis.
    • Overview of normal gait analysis : kinetic and kinematic analysis; Description of some of the most commonly used types of observational gait analysis; Advantages and disadvantages of kinematic qualitative and kinematic quantitative gait analyses.
    • Gait Training, Pre ambulation programme, assistive devices and gait patterns, Recent advances in analysis of Gait
  • Posture Control, Optimal Posture and their deviations in different planes.
  • Ergonomics and its application in working environments
  Recommended Books:
  • Clinical Kinesiology for the Physical therapist Assistants – Lippert L, Jaypee.
  • Brunnstrom’s Clinical Kinesiology – Letimkuni W, Jaypee.
  • Clinical Kinesiology – Laura Weiss, Jaypee.
  • Joint Structure & Function – Levangie P, Norkin C, Jaypee.
  • Basic Biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system – Nordin M, Lippincot Williams.
  • Biomechanical Basis of Movement – Hamill J & Krutzen K M, Lippincot Williams.
  • Measurements of Joint Motion – Norkin C, F. A. Davis.
  • Principles of Mechanics & Biomechanics – Bell, Frank, Stanley Thornes Pvt. Ltd.
  • Basic Biomechanics – Hall, Susan J, McGraw hill.
  • Kinesiology – Oatis, Carol A, Lippincot Williams.
  • Applied Kinesiology – Robert Frost, North Atlantic Books.
  • Biomechanics of Spine – White and Punjabi, Lippincot Williams
  
  
  Section-II
  
  Exercise Physiology
  Objectives- At the end of the course, the candidate will –
  • Acquire updated knowledge of Physiology of Physical Exercise and will be able to interpret the Physiological effects of the vital parameters of simple laboratory tests such as “Stress Test”
  • Acquire the skill of using Bicycle- Ergometry & Treadmill for the purpose of General Fitness & Exercise tolerance for Healthy persons.
  • Be able to prescribe & train for general fitness and health promotion for children, pregnant and lactating females, obese and elderly subjects.
  • Be able to impart knowledge for training the undergraduate students
    • Sources of Energy, Energy Transfer and Energy Expenditure at rest and various physical activities.
    • Nutrition, Body consumption, caloric balance, food for the athlete, regulation of food intake, ideal body weight, optional supply of Nutrients.
    • Metabolic consideration — VO2, Lactate threshold, RQ, energy expenditure in terms of calorimetry.
    • Acute effects of exercise on — Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Metabolic (aerobic & anaerobic), Thermo-regulatory, Buffer (pH), Neuro-musculoskeletal, Endocrine, Immune systems.
    • Conditioning effects (adaptations) of exercise on — Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Metabolic (Aerobic & anaerobic), Thermo regulatory, Buffer (pH), Neuro-Musculoskeletal (strength, power, endurance, speed, flexibility, agility, skill), Endocrine, Immune systems.
    • Body composition
    • Exercise at different altitudes.
    • Exercise at various climatic conditions.
    • Special aids to performance and conditioning.
    • Exercise prescription for health and fitness with special emphasis to cardiovascular disease, Obesity and Diabetes.
    • Principles of health promotion for Growing Children, Healthy Adults, Pregnant /Lactating females, Elderly, Sports person
    • Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Training
    • Fatigue assessment, Types, and Relevance with Exercise Tolerance tests & Training and management
    • Fitness Testing for:
      • Aerobic power
      • anaerobic power and capacity
      • Muscular strength and power, flexibility.
    • Obesity –exercises for weight reduction
    • Exercise and aging
    • Clinical exercise physiology
  Recommended Books for Reference:
  • Exercise Physiology, energy, nutrition and human performance – McArdle, Katch & Katch, Lippincot Williams.
  • Illustrated principles of exercise physiology – Axen. K, Kathleen. V, Prentice Hall.
  • Essentials of Exercise Physiology – Shaver Larry. G, Surjeet Publications.
  • Physiology of Sports and Exercise – Majumdar. P, New Central Book.
  • Exercise and the Heart – Froliecher, Victor. F, Elsevier.
  • Textbook of Work Physiology – Astrand and Rodahl, McGraw Hill.
  • Kinanthropometry and Exercise Physiology Laboratory manual tests, procedures and data-Erston, Reilly, F & FN Spon.
  
  
  Section-III
  
  Ethics and administration; Physiotherapy Education and Practice
  Objective: At the end of the course, the candidate will acquire the knowledge of:
  • Ethical Codes of Physiotherapy practice, Moral and Legal aspects of Physiotherapy practice
  • Constitution and Function of Indian Association of Physiotherapists (IAP).
  • Role of World Health Organization (WHO) and World Confederation of Physiotherapists (WCPT)
  • Acquire the managerial & Management skills in Planning, implementation and administration in clinical practice [service / self employment] & academic activities including the skill of documentation and use of information technology in professional practice.
  • Be able to impart the knowledge to the undergraduate students.
    • Concept of Morality, Ethics and Legality.
    • Rules of Professional conduct, Medico Legal and Moral Implications.
    • Communication skills, Client interest and Satisfaction.
    • Inter Disciplinary Relation, Co-partnership, Mutual Respect, Confidence and Communication, Responsibilities of the Physiotherapists, Status of Physiotherapist in Health Care.
    • Role of Professional in Socio Personal and Socio Economical context.
    • Need of Council Act for regulation of Professional Practice.
    • Self- Regulatory role of Professional Association.
    • Rules of Professional Conduct.
    • Role of WCPT, Various branches and special interest group of WCPT.
    • Indian association of physiotherapists: rules, regulations, framework, aims, and objectives. Physiotherapy and law. Medico legal aspects of physiotherapy, liability, negligence, malpractice, licensure, workman’s compensation.
    • Administration & Marketing – personal Policies –Communication & Contract. Administration principles based on Goal & Function at large Hospital / Domiciliary ser up / Private Clinic / Academic Institution.
    • Methods of maintaining records – Budget planning
    • Performance analysis – Physical structure, reporting system, Man P Status, Functions, Quality & Quantity of Services, Turn over – Cost benefit, Contribution.
    • Aims of physiotherapy education
    • Concepts of teaching and learning; Theories of teaching.
    • Principles and methods of teaching;
      • Strategies of teaching
      • Planning of teaching
      • Organization
      • Writing lesson plans
      • Audio visual aids
      • teaching methods
    • Guidance and counseling; principles and concepts, guidance and counseling services of students and faculty
    • Practical
      • Design a curriculum for a basic physiotherapy programme
      • Prepare a lesson plan and conduct classes
      • Construct a written objective type test for the lessons you have taken
      • Prepare a plan for evaluating students
      • Internal assessment tests in all topics
    • Lectures and seminars.
    • Hospital as an organization – Functions and types of hospitals
    • Roles of Physical therapist, Physical therapy Director, Physiotherapy Supervisor, Physiotherapy assistant, Physiotherapy aide.
    • Confidentially of the Patient’s status
    • Legal responsibility
    • Consumer protection law, health law, MCI.
    • Standards of practice for physiotherapists
    • Liability and obligations in the case of medical legal action
    • Law of disability & discrimination
  Recommended books:
  • Communication Skills in Clinical Practice – Sethuraman K. R.
  • Handbook of Educational Technology – Elington Henry, Kogan Page.
  • Physical Therapy Administration & Management – Hickok, Robert J, Williams & Wilkins.
  • Clinical Decision making in Rehabilitation – Basmajian, John V, Churchill Livingstone.
  • Handbook of Clinical Teaching – Watts Nancy, Churchill Livingstone.
  • Physical Therapy Ethics by Gabard and Martin (Sep 2, 2010)
  • Management in Physical Therapy Practices by Catherine G. Page (Sep 23, 2009)
  • Physical Rehabilitation: Evidence-Based Examination, Evaluation, and Intervention by Michelle H. Cameron and Linda Monroe (Apr 5, 2007)
  • Physical Therapy Management by Ronald W. Scott and Christopher L Petrosino (Sep 1, 2007)